{"id":"W2227155379","doi":"","title":"Economies of Scale in Fire and Police Services in Ontario","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"TSpace (University of Toronto)","topic":"Urban Transport and Accessibility","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":10,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"TD Bank","keywords":"Economies of scale; Population; Scale (ratio); Business; Econometric model; Economics; Geography; Environmental health; Econometrics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002973831,0.0001006249,0.0003433766,0.00003728828,0.00006537909,0.000009034529,0.0003568896,0.0002292797,0.004103578],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000001290245,0.0001351492,0.00006363842,0.00003178103,0.000275971,0.0005407332,0.0002019417,0.0001770037,0.000001137038],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005553331,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002573742,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9994705,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9999502,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993138,0.00005763453,0.0001129749,0.0002185254,0.0001097391,0.0001872664],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994981,0.00002648023,0.0001888218,0.0001817051,0.00003256395,0.00007233736],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002879809,0.00004974938,0.7361165,0.0001260679,0.000008028411,4.410549e-7,0.261928,0.000004186667,0.000004274132,0.00005037818,0.000003686172,0.001679828],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002122335,0.000007011089,0.9362387,0.0001135946,0.00002015293,1.628623e-8,0.06287979,0.00001368233,0.000003787525,0.0000931239,0.0003113815,0.0001065127],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9367988,0.0006755752,0.000001255038,0.0002353642,0.00008502413,0.0001697043,0.00001368164,0.000009341906,0.06201122],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976277,0.0002654253,0.0002811623,0.000004822104,0.0000186574,1.812606e-7,0.000007415909,0.000003130448,0.001791443],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2001222,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9968068,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01869531974026303,"score_gpt":0.2509611872667119,"score_spread":0.2322658675264489,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}