{"id":"W2229667547","doi":"10.1007/978-1-4757-4302-9_13","title":"Frothers and Frothing","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Pickering emulsions and particle stabilization","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Boiling; Waste management; Foaming agent; Pulp and paper industry; Process engineering; Bubble; Engineering; Environmental science; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002542785,0.0006944802,0.0004577366,0.001087247,0.001206361,0.001939509,0.0006470821,0.001209311,0.01576716],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004277957,0.0003624275,0.0003624342,0.0005829631,0.002798934,0.003251049,0.001070308,0.002297737,0.007489335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001057637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006319811,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001820973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003897364,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998054,0.00002397014,0.00000555969,0.00004488478,0.00009328421,0.00002681028],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999349,0.00002075315,0.000004159427,0.00001574551,0.0000175515,0.000006929817],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002781783,0.00002668757,0.00003293885,0.0001542348,0.000004803169,0.0001033491,0.0009864826,0.0003530926,0.004387847,0.7849078,0.05949325,0.1495217],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002386046,0.00001480639,0.00004718435,0.00004547226,0.000002967968,0.0001516497,0.0001136247,0.0002186235,0.002985251,0.07465953,0.9217506,0.000007966574],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.003859607,0.0503401,0.02792703,0.002778257,0.002666881,0.0000513198,0.00005730076,0.0003508597,0.9119686],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02234744,0.01245597,0.007466588,0.0008853569,0.0002898676,0.00002346478,0.00004537878,0.0002319011,0.956254],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01576716,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05274642,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01895832263589066,"score_gpt":0.2287981706121694,"score_spread":0.2098398479762788,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}