{"id":"W2236711005","doi":"","title":"Choice or Necessity: Do Immigrants and Their Children Choose Self-employment for the Same Reasons?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series","topic":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Census; Earnings; Demographic economics; Sample (material); Ethnic group; Cohort; Native-Born; Cohort effect; Economics; Labour economics; Geography; Political science; Demography; Sociology; Population; Medicine","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004040718,0.0001988637,0.0003679794,0.00006690142,0.003462214,0.0002770768,0.0003917276,0.0001031304,0.0002144491],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002954133,0.0001090547,0.0001103757,0.0004844526,0.00141821,0.0009188738,0.0002745458,0.0002916578,0.00002958886],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001202099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001282351,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005308341,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06241361,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973101,0.0004703766,0.000275065,0.0003595195,0.00050795,0.001076987],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9951488,0.003803633,0.00005393833,0.0003126428,0.000369876,0.0003111495],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003730809,0.0004775365,0.6512188,0.0001310744,0.002034684,9.291444e-7,0.194133,0.000001449314,0.00002134115,0.03465794,0.05985439,0.05709572],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004051091,0.0001371837,0.5541904,0.00003458047,0.00006688706,0.000001949523,0.0436582,0.00001203863,0.00003246548,0.002861109,0.3983757,0.0002243516],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9163257,0.03839922,0.00004514075,0.03927003,0.0002740821,0.002000011,0.00005115983,0.0001307371,0.003503959],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9604616,0.03199687,0.00007460608,0.0006024471,0.001355519,0.0003049975,0.000003966388,0.00001826702,0.005181799],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3385213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978352,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1093752797701975,"score_gpt":0.4131933382717001,"score_spread":0.3038180585015026,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}