{"id":"W2238680564","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b03523","title":"Impaired Performance of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis due to Irreversible Biofouling","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Graduate Education; Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund","keywords":"Pressure-retarded osmosis; Desalination; Biofouling; Seawater; Wastewater; Effluent; Fouling; Environmental engineering; Forward osmosis; Brine; Osmotic power; Reverse osmosis; Osmotic pressure; Environmental science; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Membrane; Ecology; Engineering; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002447088,0.0006338711,0.0003588945,0.0001536967,0.0001579475,0.0005492794,0.0003898405,0.0004952649,0.001062112],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006146983,0.0001731209,0.0002819561,0.0001671323,0.0002577522,0.000670896,0.0005407693,0.0006751527,0.0004305395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001957062,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002183016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005002136,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000350775,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997141,0.00002933175,0.00002818612,0.00004713872,0.0001255809,0.0000555431],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996383,0.00007443749,0.00009939363,0.00003510934,0.0001068886,0.0000457906],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002853177,0.000007650495,0.0002098964,0.00004558464,0.00000363486,0.00003802152,0.0000103876,0.00005099292,0.9981093,0.00001572691,0.00002988043,0.001450188],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001840084,0.000106719,0.001468177,0.000003153356,0.000004412099,0.00005933469,0.00001536548,0.0006009953,0.9972235,0.0000142503,0.0004992233,0.000003155631],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9919299,0.0008378787,0.00580001,0.0001294648,0.00004315192,0.00002684896,0.000232279,0.0002966709,0.0007037562],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964349,0.0005177373,0.00148494,0.00006041158,0.000006735694,0.00002374268,0.0002257695,0.00004340288,0.001202332],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001062112,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.003553152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01417486888570981,"score_gpt":0.2275444330984971,"score_spread":0.2133695642127873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}