{"id":"W2238680564","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b03523","title":"Impaired Performance of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis due to Irreversible Biofouling","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Membrane Separation Technologies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":87,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Division of Graduate Education; Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; United States - Israel Binational Agricultural Research and Development Fund","keywords":"Pressure-retarded osmosis; Desalination; Biofouling; Seawater; Wastewater; Effluent; Fouling; Environmental engineering; Forward osmosis; Brine; Osmotic power; Reverse osmosis; Osmotic pressure; Environmental science; Chemistry; Pulp and paper industry; Membrane; Ecology; Engineering; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007006867,0.0002231431,0.0002874705,0.0005031498,0.0002420047,0.00002052842,0.001520938,0.0001872877,0.000746402],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000174233,0.0002113428,0.00004564218,0.002238893,0.003090743,0.0005747139,0.001489671,0.0002028535,0.001295089],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004271894,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003950175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007046336,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001078209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997466,0.00002257483,0.0003604863,0.0007049752,0.0008196619,0.000626319],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99878,0.000016512,0.0001678496,0.0008051339,0.000007907442,0.0002225738],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004081806,0.0001631897,0.118589,0.000006744745,0.000009617272,0.000006882152,0.0004462228,0.009471904,0.8538533,0.0001338378,0.0007361595,0.01654232],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003670558,0.0006497732,0.03068844,0.0000129337,0.00001799644,0.00004529798,0.0008848751,0.002950908,0.9525908,0.0004466135,0.0110131,0.0003322324],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9947658,0.00007720454,0.0002660252,0.000872134,0.0001539461,0.0004306063,0.000008954295,0.0002819714,0.003143421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911325,0.00001987721,0.008154639,0.0001009678,0.000008121388,0.00004244933,0.000002123175,0.00001413688,0.0005252162],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09873748,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996223,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01417486888570981,"score_gpt":0.2275444330984971,"score_spread":0.2133695642127873,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}