{"id":"W2244740973","doi":"10.2118/178421-pa","title":"Laboratory Studies on Fluid-Recovery Enhancement and Mitigation of Phase Trapping by Use of Microemulsion in Gas Sandstone Formations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SPE Production & Operations","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":14,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Nalco (Canada)","funders":"Crisman Institute for Petroleum Research, Texas A and M University; Texas A and M University","keywords":"Microemulsion; Petroleum engineering; Capillary pressure; Surface tension; Relative permeability; Capillary action; Enhanced oil recovery; Brine; Permeability (electromagnetism); Dilution; Hydraulic fracturing; Geology; Adsorption; Chemistry; Materials science; Geotechnical engineering; Composite material; Porous medium; Pulmonary surfactant; Thermodynamics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002208752,0.0001052557,0.0001694492,0.0002136729,0.00004260751,0.00001611222,0.00003168875,0.00004227961,0.000005792455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000174669,0.000111427,0.0000183904,0.0002981898,0.00005297669,0.0007507656,0.00001119668,0.0000801072,0.000001733644],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001313754,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003070398,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001078463,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00006745521,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991913,0.00003778872,0.0004146129,0.0001435504,0.0001238982,0.00008885531],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995204,0.00002351652,0.0000545247,0.0001596803,0.0002109852,0.00003093186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001889344,0.0001202412,0.00002727288,0.00006691893,0.00002458678,7.999643e-8,0.001857154,0.2490786,0.7402025,0.00006511405,0.004816613,0.00372194],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003620927,0.0001860154,0.00001786595,0.0001493059,0.00001262893,8.450965e-7,0.0005904679,0.01243235,0.9853893,0.0001019728,0.0006565966,0.0001005614],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9730644,0.0008488646,0.02496547,0.000248769,0.0002869541,0.0003741283,0.00005749663,0.00007090622,0.00008295895],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9662152,0.001522064,0.03193503,0.00001895939,0.00003067088,0.0000928296,0.00007329527,0.00001541272,0.00009652331],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2451867,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.454386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03208053899306188,"score_gpt":0.2952026295634622,"score_spread":0.2631220905704003,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}