{"id":"W2245971688","doi":"","title":"How should we support pharmaceutical innovation","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Incentive; Business; Subsidy; Health care; Pharmaceutical industry; Risk analysis (engineering); Industrial organization; Marketing; Pharmacology; Medicine; Economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01585823,0.0006395223,0.0009908174,0.002011828,0.003298294,0.01334649,0.00152349,0.01634516,0.02317381],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07793815,0.0003942292,0.0009648564,0.001681837,0.01110055,0.02247928,0.005311875,0.01016662,0.008760439],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005700224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01448625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004467714,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002050292,"domain_scores_codex":[0.985868,0.005720136,0.0004964446,0.001475617,0.003581063,0.002858751],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.955868,0.01851491,0.005428822,0.004091904,0.009241099,0.006855264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007591778,0.0001739209,0.001485514,0.0003487981,0.00008884622,0.0001261,0.0005042194,0.001112786,0.0002898338,0.8225574,0.1348725,0.03836417],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000133745,0.00006835764,0.00125342,0.0003699,0.00003328678,0.00007800802,0.0004685986,0.0006481363,0.0003618307,0.5633909,0.4331585,0.00003531538],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005120134,0.006736139,0.004384286,0.9186609,0.003710713,0.00003798898,0.0001240648,0.0001801741,0.06104556],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4294643,0.01865179,0.009158297,0.4806463,0.01681331,0.0003037841,0.0001688984,0.0002084094,0.04458498],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02317381,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.08386737,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1810674354134094,"score_gpt":0.3992432614849622,"score_spread":0.2181758260715528,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}