{"id":"W2247786080","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00773.x","title":"Price Discrimination in the Context of Vertical Differentiation: An Application to Canadian Wheat Exports","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","topic":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Connecticut; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Product differentiation; Context (archaeology); Market power; Economics; Price discrimination; Exploit; Quality (philosophy); Product (mathematics); Microeconomics; Industrial organization; Biology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002274957,0.0006288589,0.0007339463,0.001190915,0.002817223,0.002380506,0.001159122,0.001287586,0.003200558],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01010125,0.0002192507,0.001076541,0.002932175,0.002446809,0.001159146,0.001543534,0.001577351,0.0001345703],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02202853,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01026307,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9314615,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9067592,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991834,0.0002122796,0.00002227413,0.0001294754,0.0001885418,0.0002640805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958384,0.002516411,0.0004482129,0.0001757458,0.0006895736,0.0003316401],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0009129274,0.0007251332,0.4693667,0.0003449894,0.0004545996,0.003100286,0.005188062,0.1610908,0.00437929,0.2403667,0.01163817,0.1024323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003156592,0.0004579204,0.3872509,0.0001415733,0.0006126399,0.0006084439,0.009843648,0.5195017,0.002072445,0.06176549,0.01702135,0.0004083259],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9763995,0.0008421974,0.003877866,0.00201983,0.00003390762,0.00006541502,0.0002957299,0.00004059148,0.016425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963461,0.0003979045,0.00164813,0.00009970444,0.00001496827,0.000008350222,0.00008856327,0.000005717003,0.001390627],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06853849,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1598289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009527391453814154,"score_gpt":0.195601383484195,"score_spread":0.1860739920303808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}