{"id":"W2247786080","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-8276.2005.00773.x","title":"Price Discrimination in the Context of Vertical Differentiation: An Application to Canadian Wheat Exports","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Journal of Agricultural Economics","topic":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":58,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Massachusetts Amherst; University of Connecticut; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Product differentiation; Context (archaeology); Market power; Economics; Price discrimination; Exploit; Quality (philosophy); Product (mathematics); Microeconomics; Industrial organization; Biology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005457286,0.0001584988,0.0004815638,0.000244719,0.00006056696,0.00007260688,0.0004551401,0.00005779825,0.00002869723],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004686972,0.0001132532,0.0001358526,0.0002366374,0.00006144006,0.0007091432,0.00002094724,0.0001759198,0.00003158747],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004347907,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000500381,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004644661,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04583707,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983592,0.00003338713,0.001089403,0.0002259803,0.00003636041,0.0002556741],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987092,0.00006729206,0.0006761414,0.000204264,0.0001110557,0.0002320579],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004781628,0.001900791,0.1400595,0.0000609207,0.0005440402,0.000009082441,0.05011778,0.01222213,0.002354083,0.6211606,0.0102116,0.1608813],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004943116,0.0006604561,0.9750243,0.00001765154,0.00002063393,0.00006952367,0.008667775,0.0002886807,0.000391421,0.001250093,0.01279477,0.0003203623],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9864891,0.0001517548,0.0001609583,0.01027953,0.0001372299,0.0002276066,0.00003359958,0.000003551364,0.002516671],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976243,0.0001689412,0.0005937607,0.001252346,0.0002919181,0.00001295421,0.00002913282,0.000008727178,0.0000179354],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8349648,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9715739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009527391453814154,"score_gpt":0.195601383484195,"score_spread":0.1860739920303808,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}