{"id":"W2251974829","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.01.015","title":"Oxidative acid treatment and characterization of new biocarbon from sustainable Miscanthus biomass","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Supercapacitor Materials and Fabrication","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":75,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Guelph","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biochar; Thermogravimetric analysis; Nitric acid; Chemistry; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; Sulfuric acid; Pyrolysis; Elemental analysis; Nuclear chemistry; Raman spectroscopy; Carbon fibers; Infrared spectroscopy; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Chemical engineering; Composite number","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003040906,0.00009033858,0.0001185737,0.0000259752,0.0001361271,0.00002572564,0.0002938764,0.00002117288,0.0001869091],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002557762,0.00003770139,0.0000268435,0.00009492482,0.001025174,0.0002211668,0.0001772692,0.000009653576,0.00001313844],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001284818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005225409,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000726504,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.027455e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991415,0.0000559223,0.0001736193,0.0002095672,0.0002501454,0.0001692529],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993593,0.00002702442,0.0001710192,0.0003842421,0.00001326693,0.00004515822],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002328516,0.00003063251,0.00004222464,0.000002368857,0.00000350341,7.180579e-8,0.0007927407,0.000004299457,0.9981483,0.0002006454,0.00000170993,0.0007502297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001919252,0.00009797953,0.04564075,0.00001581362,0.00001729028,9.646445e-7,0.0002223921,0.00002291497,0.9532064,0.0005062231,0.00002468225,0.00005267156],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985816,0.00004371914,0.0001023878,0.0007673656,0.0001592703,0.0002341401,0.0000455264,0.000005736496,0.00006021841],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992228,0.0000544554,0.0001017895,0.000003407753,0.00003715807,0.000008551888,0.000001029522,0.000004393813,0.0005663835],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04559853,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3777297,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01015002835766927,"score_gpt":0.1969543542030267,"score_spread":0.1868043258453574,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}