{"id":"W2253489503","doi":"","title":"Security in Cyberspace: Combatting Distributed Denial of Service Attacks","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Information and Cyber Security","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":32,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Computer security; Cyberspace; Denial-of-service attack; Context (archaeology); Internet privacy; Computer science; Business; The Internet","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001372862,0.0001276254,0.0001860419,0.0001368408,0.0001295132,0.00008011234,0.0007606997,0.00008126544,0.000005732079],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004224837,0.0001237048,0.00007574389,0.0007017464,0.00002438751,0.00082045,0.0001282233,0.001395109,0.00002038556],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008366336,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001825762,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003168543,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00469676,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977339,0.00006894274,0.0004097517,0.0001418147,0.0003413166,0.001304311],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992286,0.00002684182,0.0002580452,0.0002264542,0.0001820429,0.00007804754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002129433,0.0001257813,0.001287937,0.00001538139,0.00003280052,0.000007172961,0.004908614,0.001356332,0.00008009699,0.9897462,0.00002793833,0.002390506],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.006317658,0.0003715531,0.00639722,0.0001408251,0.00001800683,0.001243686,0.004587897,0.01196321,0.002467183,0.9647112,0.001187477,0.0005940765],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7476068,0.0003166657,0.2445349,0.006185695,0.0002489183,0.0001250823,0.000004635863,0.00005941339,0.0009179305],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989383,0.0001125288,0.0005607043,0.0003167746,0.00005061876,0.000001611994,0.000004772674,0.000005125486,0.000009623488],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2513315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6061134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005717646773353501,"score_gpt":0.2343752348612647,"score_spread":0.2286575880879112,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}