{"id":"W2255784613","doi":"10.29173/alr1327","title":"Standing to Sue and Multiple Defendant Class Actions in Australia, Canada, and the United States","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Alberta Law Review","topic":"Dispute Resolution and Class Actions","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Class action; Plaintiff; Class (philosophy); Action (physics); Law; Political science; Ideal (ethics); Law and economics; Sociology; State (computer science); Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008416897,0.0003072541,0.0009305222,0.00502559,0.02396272,0.01114213,0.002633354,0.007818977,0.00487697],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02294434,0.000644871,0.0006872952,0.003839266,0.01490885,0.002754928,0.006482067,0.009297746,0.0002692198],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.06191159,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.09834383,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9492573,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9846115,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9817247,0.0022196,0.0005856236,0.001143094,0.008303218,0.006023725],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9814752,0.006656499,0.001641334,0.0005797502,0.005494724,0.004152508],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001191648,0.0001766695,0.03235305,0.000186618,0.0001072884,0.003505242,0.01954749,0.001408349,0.0004008118,0.8296082,0.04871911,0.06386817],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002671997,0.000172168,0.2915159,0.001980749,0.0005786096,0.002555047,0.06169932,0.007822931,0.001595843,0.1617765,0.4693661,0.0006696069],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3810364,0.02917385,0.001107924,0.08714558,0.0006794957,0.0001400668,0.0002457113,0.00002887164,0.5004421],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9541892,0.006886696,0.0005311837,0.008474699,0.000197708,0.00004280244,0.00005948836,0.00001506384,0.02960314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.06191159,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4492021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03532496756690896,"score_gpt":0.2655952119372436,"score_spread":0.2302702443703346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}