{"id":"W2256034420","doi":"10.60082/2817-5069.1130","title":"Substantive Review in Appellate Courts since Dunsmuir","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Osgoode Hall law journal","topic":"Taxation and Legal Issues","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Manitoba","funders":"","keywords":"Standard of review; Supreme court; Law; Judicial review; Political science; Law and economics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005584888,0.0001657984,0.0002732103,0.0001169817,0.0002083153,0.0003506075,0.0002261635,0.00005285214,0.0005373415],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006358653,0.0001402603,0.00009474334,0.0002903671,0.00003329249,0.00123109,0.0000257681,0.000340688,0.0005143306],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003583868,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001357299,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00288098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007403191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987903,0.00002440874,0.0004029532,0.0001757147,0.0003052662,0.000301403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992695,0.00001607828,0.0003879801,0.000140985,0.0001591929,0.00002620255],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002804947,0.0001039928,0.0008913898,0.0001356511,0.0000103053,0.0001956494,0.00004770217,0.00003566318,0.0001388919,0.9833972,0.005969848,0.009045637],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001161816,0.00002866114,0.01111641,0.003190554,0.00006777087,0.00009196357,0.0001198383,0.0003637023,0.0001014737,0.06735918,0.9158951,0.0005035261],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.005540758,0.01225619,0.0001875992,0.009664032,0.0003464942,0.0002285372,8.85248e-7,0.00007709719,0.9716984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9840782,0.002122791,0.0001458823,0.01255635,0.0007145053,0.0000011861,0.000005674975,0.00001362535,0.0003617425],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9785375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6610851,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01611873764688391,"score_gpt":0.2484893368531906,"score_spread":0.2323705992063067,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}