{"id":"W2256095203","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.116.131102","title":"GW150914: Implications for the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Binary Black Holes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":398,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Human Resource Development; Seventh Framework Programme; Australian Research Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Agència per a la Competitivitat de l’Empresa; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Education, India; Royal Society; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Industry Canada; Govern de les Illes Balears; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; National Research Foundation; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; European Commission; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Institut des Origines de Lyon; MPS España; Leverhulme Trust; Scottish Funding Council; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Science and Engineering Research Board; National Science Foundation; Kavli Foundation","keywords":"LIGO; Binary black hole; Physics; Gravitational wave; Astrophysics; Binary number; Gravitational wave background; Black hole (networking); Population; Superposition principle; Astronomy; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001454237,0.0005636517,0.000485151,0.0007122393,0.0003896728,0.0009798775,0.000776482,0.0008612708,0.00116061],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005597975,0.00030618,0.0004302508,0.0004450807,0.0008163012,0.0009072566,0.0009422106,0.0003794954,0.0001675748],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005568887,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002402483,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001897169,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007912627,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997153,0.0000737949,0.00001865523,0.00009176631,0.00005683415,0.00004358182],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982591,0.0009245515,0.0004895786,0.0001292659,0.00007866541,0.0001187689],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001540919,0.0001786453,0.518805,0.0004949577,0.0004237695,0.002602528,0.000623239,0.1860723,0.1285289,0.1143739,0.002068676,0.04428725],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002102262,0.000431394,0.4686308,0.0001081724,0.0001896118,0.001126009,0.0002897784,0.413841,0.02048145,0.0921573,0.002406704,0.000127432],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9893443,0.0004748045,0.007267306,0.0005092268,0.00001616552,0.00001338621,0.0001378204,0.0000904859,0.002146496],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9993968,0.00009283783,0.0003200195,0.00003763557,0.00000876716,0.000004290015,0.00007755124,0.000005806228,0.0000561883],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001897169,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007690787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05093165343532299,"score_gpt":0.3784883274549204,"score_spread":0.3275566740195974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}