{"id":"W2256095203","doi":"10.1103/physrevlett.116.131102","title":"GW150914: Implications for the Stochastic Gravitational-Wave Background from Binary Black Holes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review Letters","topic":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":398,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics; University of Toronto","funders":"Division of Human Resource Development; Seventh Framework Programme; Australian Research Council; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Agència per a la Competitivitat de l’Empresa; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Ministry of Education, India; Royal Society; Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad; Max-Planck-Gesellschaft; Narodowe Centrum Nauki; National Research Foundation of Korea; Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação; Industry Canada; Govern de les Illes Balears; Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India; National Research Foundation; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; European Commission; Russian Foundation for Basic Research; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research; Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico; Institut des Origines de Lyon; MPS España; Leverhulme Trust; Scottish Funding Council; Stichting voor Fundamenteel Onderzoek der Materie; Scottish Universities Physics Alliance; Hungarian Scientific Research Fund; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare; Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India; Ontario Ministry of Economic Development and Innovation; Science and Engineering Research Board; National Science Foundation; Kavli Foundation","keywords":"LIGO; Binary black hole; Physics; Gravitational wave; Astrophysics; Binary number; Gravitational wave background; Black hole (networking); Population; Superposition principle; Astronomy; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001170662,0.0001577352,0.0002243935,0.00002202375,0.0001824356,0.00004191461,0.0002500708,0.000006067921,0.0001028325],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002814595,0.00008589112,0.0002741781,0.0001469713,0.0003262254,0.000131379,0.00005793353,0.00009135559,0.0002325505],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002975184,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004008983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001075976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.539428e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989855,0.00004918677,0.0002057106,0.000288768,0.0002063099,0.0002645022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9972221,0.002162361,0.00009429153,0.0003260641,0.000107637,0.00008757968],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004637708,0.000519732,0.0005663733,0.0002283709,0.00061234,8.141872e-7,0.0001996436,0.0004662997,0.1816461,0.629839,0.1440463,0.04182863],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001074549,0.00008351249,0.05726663,0.001101049,0.0003317249,5.420382e-7,0.00007639539,0.002068998,0.0001347996,0.9060582,0.03123114,0.0005724885],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3175967,0.005157438,0.2200565,0.4430707,0.0002536221,0.003934821,0.009546684,0.00003650018,0.0003470231],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9921228,0.0001486989,0.0003820405,0.004804218,0.0008601272,0.0006021872,0.0005626662,0.00002691905,0.0004903758],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.674526,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3502539,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05093165343532299,"score_gpt":0.3784883274549204,"score_spread":0.3275566740195974,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}