{"id":"W2259796703","doi":"","title":"Government Policy Towards Innovation in the United States, Canada, and the European Union as Manifested in Patent, Copyright and Competition Laws","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SMU Scholar (Southern Methodist University)","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Intellectual property; Competition (biology); Incentive; Legislation; Welfare; Government (linguistics); Law and economics; European union; Patent infringement; Public economics; International trade; Business; Economics; Politics; Political science; Law; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.005420711,0.0002743498,0.0002878711,0.00247948,0.01183718,0.01047445,0.001349438,0.006146251,0.00342739],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008943295,0.0002363583,0.0005441479,0.002773903,0.01094165,0.001683653,0.002384931,0.003190618,0.0001493252],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1287118,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1733866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9578444,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9589591,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9914432,0.001475817,0.0001759668,0.0004983613,0.002883604,0.003523062],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.993691,0.00256487,0.0004873192,0.0001661883,0.002321624,0.0007689819],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004631989,0.00003724841,0.00314116,0.00004814004,0.00001992912,0.0001351436,0.00167631,0.001875443,0.0003115614,0.9728017,0.01011169,0.009795514],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002001396,0.0001246272,0.05076475,0.0009036129,0.0002603281,0.0001815016,0.01259674,0.008397548,0.003399034,0.2005247,0.7223892,0.0002578976],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2269488,0.008312509,0.002258966,0.1149632,0.0003950174,0.00008542964,0.0002458822,0.00007762665,0.6467125],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9606139,0.002206739,0.0008853852,0.01258927,0.00008439127,0.00002643291,0.00006418956,0.00001029106,0.02351938],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.1287118,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9338739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05470602266179913,"score_gpt":0.2084224385051672,"score_spread":0.1537164158433681,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}