{"id":"W2262193628","doi":"","title":"The Changed Face of Corporate Criminal Liability","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Regulation and Compliance Studies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; York University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporation; Limited liability partnership; Corporate liability; Liability; Business; Corporate law; Limited liability; Corporate title; Corporate governance; Law; Law and economics; Strict liability; Accounting; Political science; Economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000889366,0.00009364082,0.0001296979,0.00004916488,0.0007209583,0.00004688329,0.0002220317,0.00002095601,0.00001911615],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007015555,0.00006128784,0.00008518118,0.0002118961,0.0001550387,0.0002770065,0.00005365854,0.0004064226,0.00004079358],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008915875,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001921216,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00003751791,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003020917,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986702,0.00001491461,0.0002247404,0.00009821956,0.0002223665,0.0007695302],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992238,0.00002465115,0.0003986303,0.0001312245,0.0002153208,0.000006358007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003127819,0.00014649,0.07684603,0.00005838307,0.0002361865,0.000005071714,0.0003625144,0.0001609242,0.0004501237,0.8804963,0.003068187,0.03785698],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001323171,0.0001170876,0.2797358,0.00003712551,0.0001122902,0.0001523571,0.009018445,0.001568375,0.0001199529,0.6559585,0.05146525,0.0003916453],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9849017,0.002025247,0.002204216,0.003569629,0.0003113728,0.0001326885,3.093347e-7,0.00003152513,0.006823269],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965999,0.0009427991,0.00001081377,0.0001322985,0.0005255026,0.000003634784,8.126895e-7,0.000007986595,0.001776271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2245378,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5545101,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04723461890194029,"score_gpt":0.2361804804159996,"score_spread":0.1889458615140593,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}