{"id":"W2263327440","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1929168","title":"Profits, Financial Leverage and Corporate Governance","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Corporate governance; Business; Leverage (statistics); Accounting; Corporate finance; Financial system; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007542522,0.000193616,0.0002150037,0.0007168576,0.0005307445,0.00368605,0.0002171029,0.001262306,0.006602126],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00526773,0.0001379608,0.0001252281,0.0010844,0.001805637,0.002994759,0.0009299487,0.001011219,0.0004909227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000739078,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005971774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002270313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005579611,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997645,0.00008407458,0.00001388069,0.00003755837,0.0000478039,0.00005229553],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9958141,0.00248202,0.001062718,0.00009885301,0.0001632611,0.0003790793],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004283571,0.0006116425,0.3894575,0.000179783,0.0002433445,0.0008074105,0.002008837,0.007217506,0.0009759555,0.5221267,0.007405086,0.06853798],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005145293,0.0001664311,0.4433604,0.0001197015,0.0001109717,0.0003454513,0.002508565,0.004640507,0.0002553649,0.5372398,0.01115965,0.00004168502],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8727447,0.01289842,0.001864791,0.006462368,0.00006803556,0.00001292497,0.0001827004,0.00002820941,0.1057377],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956048,0.001164575,0.00007074586,0.00008416612,0.00007459159,0.000003034545,0.00003286752,0.000002810433,0.002962505],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006602126,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02208638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02309092917132357,"score_gpt":0.1830171810145527,"score_spread":0.1599262518432291,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}