{"id":"W2263766809","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1089587","title":"Who Smoothes Dividends?","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Dividend; Business; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00523256,0.0002886461,0.0007870102,0.0009517201,0.001042946,0.006586932,0.0006569067,0.003645126,0.009921494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03904196,0.0003534942,0.0003708957,0.000721604,0.003436384,0.005724924,0.001241395,0.002258246,0.003163473],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002026661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003278273,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005328431,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.007782822,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998256,0.0005791482,0.00008912452,0.0003323786,0.0004079447,0.0003353215],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9844868,0.006929276,0.003184443,0.001185443,0.002229674,0.001984378],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004248153,0.0006755628,0.09716447,0.0003376149,0.0003810493,0.0005431217,0.003155038,0.003538368,0.002680273,0.2234517,0.1051743,0.5624738],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001505027,0.000304304,0.06704064,0.0006206229,0.0003210029,0.0006047656,0.007870089,0.01213391,0.005834715,0.6887182,0.2162459,0.0001554193],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4522008,0.02296847,0.01614373,0.3359815,0.003801012,0.00005355542,0.0002701888,0.000565627,0.1680152],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.963838,0.004399636,0.002627743,0.00626085,0.001452471,0.00001259137,0.00004660722,0.0001542674,0.02120779],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009921494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03319067,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01442729489553345,"score_gpt":0.1958054618154612,"score_spread":0.1813781669199278,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}