{"id":"W2264230978","doi":"","title":"Tax Incidence, Progressivity, and Inequality in Canada","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Stylized fact; Public economics; Computable general equilibrium; Income distribution; Inequality; Optimal tax; Distribution (mathematics); Microsimulation; Economic inequality; Tax incidence; Tax credit; Indirect tax; Tax reform; Labour economics; Macroeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001352521,0.0001157597,0.0002733702,0.0001336655,0.00009012637,0.00004505569,0.0001806305,0.00005214808,0.00001370469],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008947978,0.000127862,0.00003694577,0.0001382247,0.00003704575,0.0002785235,0.00004835542,0.0009380225,0.0000241818],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003502287,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002328175,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7663965,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9713357,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978873,0.00001522431,0.0005003751,0.000217008,0.00003077984,0.00134938],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995099,0.00002081997,0.0002501585,0.0001161929,0.000008784265,0.00009417911],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009103092,0.00002036264,0.4769053,0.000005526726,0.00001864081,0.000005401559,0.0000629078,0.00004959743,0.000001097948,0.5218838,0.00003533114,0.001002978],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006984295,0.00005467779,0.1051092,0.000009441974,0.00000136919,0.0001540021,0.0001985437,0.00005421922,0.000009718408,0.8930486,0.0005099065,0.0001518501],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9907065,0.002691193,0.0002947574,0.002999943,0.0001302405,0.00007572259,0.0000205522,0.000004643511,0.003076473],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987549,0.0006192924,0.00003837249,0.0003672432,0.0001197687,0.000005185133,0.000001517556,0.00001146588,0.00008229678],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.371796,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9158358,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01477013018330165,"score_gpt":0.2116034787631755,"score_spread":0.1968333485798739,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}