{"id":"W2266215880","doi":"","title":"A Powerful Blow Against Police Use of Drug Courier Profiles","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor","funders":"","keywords":"Scrutiny; Supreme court; Law; Criminology; Political science; Racial profiling; Profiling (computer programming); Drug detection; Criminal justice; Sociology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001819843,0.00009402411,0.00013604,0.0001022142,0.0004118698,0.00007144806,0.0002541174,0.00006728533,0.0003424046],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001934518,0.00006431647,0.0001104577,0.0001869164,0.0002178334,0.0007138461,0.00002306399,0.0005444876,0.00007944115],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004877773,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002788557,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03911963,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1264639,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975038,0.0002757784,0.0002281122,0.0001174246,0.0003531153,0.001521778],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999056,0.000273905,0.0002465037,0.0001386597,0.000149855,0.0001350948],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002428582,0.0005176343,0.05626556,0.00001470382,0.0005562087,0.000002863077,0.1455489,0.0000168409,0.01668265,0.5968906,0.01747575,0.1657855],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001886711,0.0004104446,0.01318689,0.0002727296,0.0001854438,0.0001247137,0.06220453,0.00002296893,0.0005585159,0.05406994,0.8663124,0.0007647564],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9842104,0.0001053161,0.0002753598,0.007598287,0.0001866807,0.0001003538,0.00001344239,0.00002721086,0.007482975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9700364,0.009214861,0.00008839089,0.0002267255,0.0005619767,0.000001706102,5.817189e-7,0.00001322906,0.01985617],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8488366,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.967279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02398019917481103,"score_gpt":0.3238118623026223,"score_spread":0.2998316631278113,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}