{"id":"W2266512512","doi":"","title":"When is a User Fee Actually a User Fee? Design and Implementation Challenges Faced by Canadian Municipalities","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"dissertation","venue":"","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"User fee; Revenue; Focus (optics); Public administration; Business; Service (business); Public relations; Public economics; Engineering; Political science; Finance; Marketing; Economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.04012686,0.0004000161,0.000926775,0.003500522,0.01573032,0.02622342,0.004327307,0.002427109,0.004283085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.08668276,0.0008435899,0.0005968437,0.007500962,0.00945401,0.006013221,0.004541427,0.003019877,0.0004949362],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.2028427,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.313504,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.928532,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9523333,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9441187,0.02117945,0.001982954,0.002293042,0.0201923,0.01023349],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.939779,0.01926558,0.002526282,0.003419208,0.02903321,0.005976609],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002478222,0.0003271768,0.0294632,0.0007264029,0.00008585392,0.0007069263,0.05179207,0.0154087,0.003102592,0.5619431,0.033952,0.3022441],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002542383,0.0004308355,0.09209863,0.002132889,0.0003150473,0.0003435316,0.1769095,0.03201595,0.006213175,0.1072014,0.5814378,0.0006469352],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4622549,0.004752511,0.05512175,0.1380861,0.0004037445,0.003976244,0.0008497878,0.0007635311,0.3337914],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9426059,0.001899735,0.03490735,0.001920307,0.00005317105,0.0005269975,0.0001630884,0.0001067919,0.01781673],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2028427,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9245895,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06688829935021956,"score_gpt":0.2630474542569561,"score_spread":0.1961591549067366,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}