{"id":"W2267281424","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b04529","title":"Multispecies Biofilms Transform Selenium Oxyanions into Elemental Selenium Particles: Studies Using Combined Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Imaging and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Selenium in Biological Systems","field":"Nursing","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Environment Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Office of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Biofilm; Extracellular polymeric substance; Selenium; Biomagnification; Chemistry; Transmission electron microscopy; Synchrotron; Scanning electron microscope; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Environmental chemistry; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Bioaccumulation; Optics; Organic chemistry; Bacteria; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006793493,0.0004766453,0.0005037893,0.0004783772,0.00143329,0.00008312061,0.0007474707,0.0002195425,0.00006510988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008000988,0.0003308417,0.00008712085,0.0009085193,0.006996701,0.0007867138,0.0003303971,0.0002980939,0.0000352161],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001286593,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003060484,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00008258878,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001003047,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961867,0.0001063492,0.000673894,0.001224044,0.0005519277,0.001257066],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989565,0.0001278455,0.0002195525,0.000426825,0.00002638097,0.0002429035],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008778297,0.0001316523,0.06577633,0.00002155072,0.00001668127,0.000002659434,0.001024456,0.00001244963,0.9114326,0.00006190046,0.00001901836,0.02141292],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001284393,0.0004928251,0.0128666,0.0002806213,0.00004490588,0.00006049732,0.007286275,0.001568587,0.9742289,0.0003460949,0.001013245,0.0005270225],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.990681,0.002139815,0.001618055,0.003794934,0.0005337156,0.0008293335,0.00001897566,0.0003694915,0.00001467786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9807152,0.0003435362,0.01867023,0.00008848314,0.0000576692,0.00006634812,0.000003017922,0.00003709584,0.00001839314],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06279633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999143,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0131527478528781,"score_gpt":0.2746678308002198,"score_spread":0.2615150829473417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}