{"id":"W2267281424","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b04529","title":"Multispecies Biofilms Transform Selenium Oxyanions into Elemental Selenium Particles: Studies Using Combined Synchrotron X-ray Fluorescence Imaging and Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Selenium in Biological Systems","field":"Nursing","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Canadian Light Source (Canada); Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Environment Canada; Canadian Institutes of Health Research; Office of Science; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Biofilm; Extracellular polymeric substance; Selenium; Biomagnification; Chemistry; Transmission electron microscopy; Synchrotron; Scanning electron microscope; Analytical Chemistry (journal); Environmental chemistry; Scanning transmission electron microscopy; Chemical engineering; Nanotechnology; Materials science; Bioaccumulation; Optics; Organic chemistry; Bacteria; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002712397,0.0003485363,0.0002198224,0.0003213158,0.0002105708,0.0002852148,0.000221713,0.0003548072,0.0004181482],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001945807,0.0002749085,0.0002696894,0.0001735415,0.0001797865,0.000344111,0.0003525713,0.0002510254,0.000128239],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001881733,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001363774,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001336155,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001819304,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998746,0.00001796815,0.00001051928,0.00002746952,0.00004439607,0.00002508763],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998722,0.00002767508,0.00002621279,0.000009188524,0.00004869391,0.00001598119],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001345449,0.00001093495,0.0002682599,0.00001274235,0.000002147828,0.00002968035,0.00003815687,0.00002889266,0.9990093,0.00002279066,0.00000575021,0.0005579033],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000009133786,0.0002781239,0.01139894,0.000006957185,0.0000130718,0.0002492634,0.0001794648,0.002005674,0.9850982,0.00005283581,0.0006975349,0.00001074025],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9966801,0.0003342829,0.002432437,0.00002742284,0.000007821989,0.00002430632,0.00006100076,0.00002320184,0.0004093832],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9882432,0.0007405838,0.009374172,0.00002852531,0.000007552633,0.00003906767,0.0001091482,0.00001785962,0.001439914],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001336155,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.002656758,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0131527478528781,"score_gpt":0.2746678308002198,"score_spread":0.2615150829473417,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}