{"id":"W2267642240","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5b01074","title":"Fractionation of Selenium during Selenate Reduction by Granular Zerovalent Iron","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Arsenic contamination and mitigation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":38,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Ultrapure water; Zerovalent iron; Fractionation; Selenate; Chemistry; Selenium; Environmental chemistry; Environmental remediation; Groundwater; Isotope fractionation; Permeable reactive barrier; Geochemical modeling; Contamination; Adsorption; Geology; Chromatography; Environmental science; Environmental engineering; Dissolution","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003977318,0.000128496,0.0001129404,0.0002268066,0.0002263417,0.0000107767,0.0003120381,0.0001132153,0.0004817056],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004064889,0.0001335242,0.00002964204,0.000767573,0.001466819,0.0006684201,0.000190989,0.0001456104,0.0002406213],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001025292,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001982059,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004956313,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004341285,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983027,0.00002640302,0.0002603838,0.0004417759,0.0006846644,0.0002841022],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994255,0.000005275132,0.0001905881,0.0002538624,0.000008652938,0.000116169],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009204276,0.0001070715,0.01337952,0.00000169983,0.000001387532,5.43067e-7,0.0002770186,0.0003976359,0.9774652,0.0001281456,0.0003435566,0.007889079],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000556603,0.0001277798,0.04026677,0.000005850175,0.000009685957,0.00005478484,0.001418957,0.000599391,0.9475238,0.0006725225,0.008574528,0.0001892987],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9958065,0.00005409465,0.0005999616,0.0007861237,0.0001840335,0.0002308213,0.000006737994,0.00009166838,0.002240063],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9983511,0.00004821931,0.0005660354,0.00002458311,0.00001151586,0.00002340619,0.00001444175,0.000009611847,0.000951087],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02994131,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5444957,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004626578977841556,"score_gpt":0.2025489190060302,"score_spread":0.1979223400281886,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}