{"id":"W2268388064","doi":"","title":"The Colour of Justice: Policing Race in Canada","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Policing Practices and Perceptions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":88,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Race (biology); Economic Justice; Criminology; Political science; Sociology; Law; Gender studies","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002013761,0.00004742201,0.00007996731,0.00003563285,0.0007817344,0.00003799844,0.0002196337,0.00002728043,0.00001896691],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001079093,0.00003624142,0.00002941577,0.0002233024,0.00006250969,0.0001120068,0.0000106286,0.0007436647,0.000002459065],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002407364,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0171647,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9993383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.999977,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980308,0.0001951286,0.0001986828,0.00005241726,0.0002551241,0.001267891],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993864,0.0003114113,0.0001609951,0.00005289567,0.00005002702,0.0000382744],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004969355,0.0000568386,0.08526575,0.000006575737,0.00004677356,0.000002752339,0.01043473,0.002120191,0.0005367447,0.882016,0.004256735,0.01520722],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001132871,0.0001659689,0.2794684,0.00006586583,0.0001641954,0.0001339799,0.4204571,0.0003751758,0.00004709747,0.166382,0.13119,0.0004172883],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779245,0.0003318676,0.00005803928,0.007952408,0.0001845697,0.00005536256,0.000001529638,0.000003410057,0.01348827],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9926212,0.003636389,0.000008676549,0.0000878931,0.0003786625,0.000001065497,2.238083e-7,0.000004454393,0.003261418],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.715634,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9884071,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01188713982461963,"score_gpt":0.3134655964258979,"score_spread":0.3015784566012782,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}