{"id":"W2270994044","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780199535415.003.0009","title":"The limits of constitutionalism in the Muslim world: History and identity in Islamic law","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"","topic":"Islamic Studies and History","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Conscience; Law; Islam; Constitutionalism; Human rights; Political science; Religious freedom; Sharia; Fundamental rights; Philosophy; Democracy; Politics; Theology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000835081,0.0001194707,0.0002191746,0.0001172936,0.0004880008,0.00001138114,0.0003046751,0.0001187512,0.0001446547],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004319124,0.00007998926,0.00007072266,0.00005182563,0.004306014,0.00008281401,0.00004844681,0.0002814731,0.00001309979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000592243,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003170136,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02294358,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.7758544,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989176,0.00008216524,0.0002703542,0.0001700757,0.000390581,0.0001691668],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992347,0.0004244466,0.0001326516,0.000157776,0.00004157278,0.000008875412],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002832792,0.000007395101,0.0000149804,0.000004839868,0.000008996112,0.00001054719,0.02509202,1.275128e-7,2.60131e-7,0.9519986,0.02255043,0.0003089995],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001145939,0.000005355919,0.0003756043,0.00004166201,0.00000926525,0.000001322168,0.001998829,3.779088e-7,3.950273e-8,0.06076973,0.9365879,0.00009534483],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"other","genre_scores_codex":[0.0002660695,0.01336456,0.000001130825,0.001173146,0.00059204,0.0002359921,0.00000457283,0.000008200502,0.9843543],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.2521852,0.01853901,0.00001060113,0.001101375,0.0001868269,0.00001215902,0.000002265469,0.000008716804,0.7279539],"genre_candidate":"other","genre_consensus":"other","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9140375,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9984037,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04375102569789226,"score_gpt":0.286481473627572,"score_spread":0.2427304479296797,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}