{"id":"W2272219748","doi":"10.1017/s0841820900002460","title":"Unconstitutionality, Invalidity, and Charter Challenges","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence","topic":"Multicultural Socio-Legal Studies","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Charter; Morality; Positivism; Legal positivism; Law; Duty; Political science; Politics; Constitutionality; Sociology; Law and economics; Constitution; Legal realism; Legal profession","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006450185,0.00010667,0.0002027024,0.00004927373,0.001018021,0.0001424515,0.0002992542,0.00008964889,0.0004955576],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002995362,0.00009070475,0.00006966922,0.00008992768,0.001521022,0.0005134839,0.00002273256,0.0002181637,0.00004264395],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002490607,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002647016,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0531669,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.4554277,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998747,0.0001550662,0.0002492541,0.0001301128,0.0003672784,0.0003512715],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986452,0.0001259101,0.0001467479,0.00007984362,0.0002888476,0.0007133918],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003010507,0.00002642163,0.0117992,0.00003194334,0.00008140945,0.0002797768,0.05754121,0.000004329834,0.00002569798,0.9099665,0.01381777,0.006422782],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002249458,0.00005132211,0.01265712,0.0001278539,0.00003025137,0.000069592,0.003022873,0.000002945488,0.0000245452,0.005021102,0.9785642,0.000203233],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3946418,0.08669379,0.00002673117,0.1736014,0.002681766,0.0004526014,0.00006023078,0.00004330534,0.3417984],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942785,0.004032124,0.0001515044,0.0005869686,0.0005000618,0.000001798823,2.156066e-7,0.000004403778,0.0004444552],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9647465,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9531382,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1190269410000815,"score_gpt":0.3161608745964075,"score_spread":0.197133933596326,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}