{"id":"W2273638059","doi":"10.1016/j.compgeo.2016.02.007","title":"DEM simulation of bonded granular material. Part I: Contact model and application to cemented sand","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers and Geotechnics","topic":"Geotechnical Engineering and Underground Structures","field":"Engineering","cited_by":154,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Calgary","keywords":"Breakage; Bond strength; Materials science; Discrete element method; Bond; Granular material; Bond length; Composite material; Stiffness; Mechanics; Physics; Crystallography; Chemistry; Adhesive","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00005985895,0.0001149414,0.0001551892,0.00005840052,0.00002925538,0.00001681162,0.00006032235,0.00008955148,0.000001529223],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007474649,0.00009112905,0.00001914372,0.00006330366,0.00001797936,0.00004981408,0.00003873045,0.00004243512,4.239603e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001567162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000002848046,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003908815,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":8.591829e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994773,0.000004508941,0.000175081,0.0001444347,0.0000717088,0.0001269961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996968,0.00003502522,0.00002263987,0.0001542458,0.00002255541,0.00006871959],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001004005,0.000003977181,0.000006987952,0.00004894389,0.000009088229,2.354977e-7,0.00001682739,0.9262782,0.05300122,0.001092277,0.0001255243,0.01940664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000273256,0.00004741146,0.0004433377,0.00005567888,0.00001140631,0.000002048635,0.000001636463,0.9900669,0.003740762,0.002280331,0.0029426,0.000134617],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2004022,0.0000774213,0.7990325,0.00006817504,0.00006545803,0.0001451376,0.00001627608,0.0001741136,0.00001874804],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968902,0.00008167535,0.002940076,0.00002841342,0.00002133767,0.00001006467,0.00000610362,0.00001421997,0.000007842382],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7964881,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3716135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00602011162070513,"score_gpt":0.198800624857149,"score_spread":0.1927805132364439,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}