{"id":"W227435901","doi":"","title":"CANADIAN CONTRACT AND TORT LAW: THE CONCEPT OF FORCE MAJEURE IN QUEBEC AND ITS COMMON LAW EQUIVALENT","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Legal principles and applications","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa","funders":"","keywords":"Force majeure; Tort; Civil law (Civil law); Doctrine; Law; Common law; Civil code; Political science; Frustration of purpose; Comparative law; Delict; Accident (philosophy); Exclusion clause; Private law; Public law; Philosophy; Liability; Black letter law; Business; Privity of contract; Contract management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000860472,0.00005507347,0.0000949636,0.00001888177,0.0004021026,0.00003877691,0.0001677955,0.00004869956,0.00002781522],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001067324,0.00004078921,0.00002304399,0.00005933676,0.0001803776,0.0001500695,0.00001784201,0.0004841999,0.000001047177],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003923951,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001316625,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9422418,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9990526,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988689,0.00008242204,0.0001434771,0.00007755855,0.0001088939,0.0007187548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996704,0.00004209902,0.00007325809,0.0000621522,0.00003628906,0.0001157914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004809514,0.000009210287,0.00185831,8.876856e-7,0.00001100371,8.555035e-7,0.004450169,0.000001085266,0.00002600165,0.9925313,0.000008264359,0.00109808],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001344072,0.0002918049,0.02789878,0.00006032383,0.00007539592,0.00009093371,0.03407996,0.00008546127,0.0005190668,0.8441292,0.09104161,0.000383389],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9305799,0.00568536,0.00002826768,0.006203363,0.00004894939,0.0003112683,0.00001084454,0.000007026747,0.05712501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9970711,0.0008899216,0.000003417483,0.0002562515,0.00005894736,0.000003782653,5.157182e-7,0.000004417688,0.001711581],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1484021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3092689,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01928566053487504,"score_gpt":0.2765056945264532,"score_spread":0.2572200339915781,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}