{"id":"W2278388756","doi":"10.7717/peerj.1720","title":"A comparison of clustering methods for biogeography with fossil datasets","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PeerJ","topic":"Statistical Methods and Applications","field":"Mathematics","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Cluster analysis; Hierarchical clustering; Euclidean distance; Computer science; Set (abstract data type); Complete-linkage clustering; Data mining; Similarity (geometry); Cluster (spacecraft); Complete linkage; Single-linkage clustering; Data set; Range (aeronautics); Mathematics; Fuzzy clustering; Artificial intelligence; Biology; CURE data clustering algorithm","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004044806,0.00007172224,0.0002289583,0.00003991502,0.00004350023,0.000007552483,0.0001134248,0.00002705338,0.00003336301],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0006686529,0.00004053113,0.00004301766,0.0001070661,0.00007391595,0.00002517553,0.00003202838,0.00002457965,0.000001533662],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000512172,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000008401573,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008278321,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001365029,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994067,0.00005118618,0.0002045717,0.0001407573,0.00007277307,0.0001239889],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9964671,0.003038512,0.0001050942,0.0002808443,0.00006122067,0.00004726837],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008109564,0.0002374496,0.002789514,0.000244674,0.00008402829,2.015138e-7,0.0001759977,5.237914e-7,0.02663815,0.2935939,0.007795827,0.6683586],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001536718,0.0003884482,0.003594103,0.0002019226,0.0002548184,0.000004453253,0.0001662781,0.003967219,0.06664582,0.8393808,0.08353682,0.0003225766],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.001289567,0.00004506604,0.9969069,0.000349641,0.00002247947,0.0002524009,0.0008530687,0.00002831912,0.0002525538],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.02889746,0.000001659985,0.9708977,0.00001035098,0.00002006961,0.0001133209,0.00001126604,0.00001168314,0.00003654019],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.668036,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1652812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2099705058052693,"score_gpt":0.5469419897198773,"score_spread":0.336971483914608,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}