{"id":"W2280950589","doi":"","title":"Measuring the Return on Investment in Research in Universities: The Value of the Human Capital Produced by these Programs","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Summit (Simon Fraser University)","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Ministry of Advanced Education; Simon Fraser University","keywords":"Investment (military); Human capital; Value (mathematics); Business; Return on investment; Capital (architecture); Economics; Finance; Labour economics; Actuarial science; Classical economics; Production (economics); Microeconomics; Political science; Economic growth; Mathematics; History; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001253754,0.0001065285,0.0001570383,0.0004766885,0.0002707122,0.00003139074,0.0007494712,0.00008316525,0.00001559131],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000346636,0.0000745147,0.00006670686,0.001820519,0.000245405,0.0001653449,0.0001017672,0.0004943734,0.00001271888],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000438867,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000619237,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001781429,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004838239,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988957,0.0001842968,0.0002423958,0.000263176,0.0001177006,0.0002967548],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992206,0.00007048995,0.0001509969,0.0004805544,0.00005150897,0.00002591626],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003458783,0.0001983198,0.1700156,0.000009673719,0.00001704389,0.000006741459,0.001486097,0.0001494574,0.00002526328,0.8265249,0.001407743,0.0001245596],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005367477,0.001011773,0.1964508,0.0005078727,0.00002360497,3.933637e-8,0.2211992,0.0007331038,0.01527638,0.180734,0.3776554,0.001040377],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9637681,0.00008091318,0.000001531545,0.006451849,0.00006020127,0.0004493336,0.00001919312,0.000009449751,0.02915946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9968973,0.00001809844,0.000003382538,0.0004041264,0.0000262736,0.000001311762,0.000004494455,0.000006850426,0.002638141],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6457909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3038621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08908781244117707,"score_gpt":0.2629227719434577,"score_spread":0.1738349595022806,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}