{"id":"W2283133421","doi":"10.1002/2015jf003637","title":"Flow structure and resistance over subaquaeous high‐ and low‐angle dunes","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Geophysical Research Earth Surface","topic":"Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":101,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Flume; Geology; Geomorphology; Shear stress; Turbulence; Flow (mathematics); Sand dune stabilization; Bedform; Flow velocity; Geotechnical engineering; Hydrology (agriculture); Mechanics; Sediment transport; Sediment; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005421728,0.0001131036,0.000219208,0.00003384197,0.0001674401,0.00003174162,0.0001765796,0.00008449104,0.0009866678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001479548,0.00006743423,0.00003535577,0.0001859392,0.000737416,0.0004192,0.00008616084,0.0003606707,0.00004378471],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001624281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003286349,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006448886,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002658231,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983252,0.0001408629,0.0002102243,0.0002250568,0.0007285408,0.00037016],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990069,0.000482545,0.00007553236,0.00013117,0.00005564788,0.00024821],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002122881,0.000382427,0.3569483,0.0001631078,0.0001245399,0.0006730473,0.0009568521,0.0003968467,0.6138754,0.000873574,0.003849716,0.01963323],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001340525,0.0006080055,0.9429161,0.0001265509,0.00001761905,0.00003209554,0.00002445125,0.0001530835,0.02605614,0.01708564,0.0114355,0.0002043201],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.997355,0.0003969195,0.00006103321,0.001846844,0.00004922472,0.00007339608,0.00001446419,0.000005821119,0.0001973224],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9969886,0.0004428218,0.0007449831,0.00005529812,0.00008089456,4.352743e-7,4.263999e-7,0.000009222549,0.001677337],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5878193,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01057479112835449,"score_gpt":0.2603695394808788,"score_spread":0.2497947483525243,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}