{"id":"W2283141919","doi":"10.1111/1475-6773.12444","title":"High Out‐of‐Pocket Medical Spending among the Poor and Elderly in Nine Developed Countries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Services Research","topic":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":90,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Washington","keywords":"Quarter (Canadian coin); Cost sharing; Payment; Health care; Principal (computer security); Business; Population; Health spending; Demographic economics; Health insurance; Environmental health; Economics; Medicine; Economic growth; Finance; Geography; Nursing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009639785,0.0002569768,0.0002861346,0.001918056,0.0008217006,0.0008555293,0.0001995926,0.0003123146,0.001136821],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001410834,0.0002615018,0.0004459284,0.002183569,0.0009897688,0.0005829294,0.001635248,0.0003739813,0.000157996],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007676467,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005061875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03572863,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04783191,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995161,0.0001964843,0.00005017707,0.00005101543,0.00004188594,0.0001442436],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992059,0.0001844767,0.0003523425,0.00003738455,0.00007403715,0.0001458914],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00006231884,0.00003972511,0.9969234,0.00002063286,0.00004380615,0.00007883815,0.0004205698,0.0002491755,0.0000414099,0.000181437,0.0002887872,0.001649951],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001048451,0.00005685467,0.9970775,0.00002215612,0.00002758234,0.00006308616,0.002073326,0.0001704127,0.00005410484,0.00007763365,0.0003616077,0.000005471654],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9989491,0.0001400222,0.00002782711,0.00005523321,0.000002175084,0.00000570625,0.0003667484,8.901296e-7,0.000452429],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991743,0.0001807787,0.00004935724,0.00003322726,0.000003293147,0.000008720043,0.0004308117,4.866966e-7,0.0001189801],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03572863,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07104135,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08115683023878376,"score_gpt":0.369948328791664,"score_spread":0.2887914985528802,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}