{"id":"W2287950102","doi":"10.1177/2158244015584616","title":"Investigating the Effect of Computer-Administered Versus Traditional Paper and Pencil Assessments on Student Writing Achievement","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SAGE Open","topic":"Writing and Handwriting Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Government of New Brunswick; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Pencil (optics); Punctuation; Spelling; Orthography; Syntax; Mathematics education; Significant difference; Psychology; Linguistics; Computer science; Mathematics; Natural language processing; Statistics; Artificial intelligence; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006115786,0.0005593136,0.0006108569,0.0007256856,0.0003638692,0.001240946,0.0004333993,0.0004707611,0.00274074],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06986272,0.0002054505,0.0003015358,0.0007297137,0.0005900928,0.0006100592,0.0005309269,0.0006163797,0.0005516278],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004148099,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008953866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001936682,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003741617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9942703,0.002808705,0.0005892168,0.0008941572,0.001166299,0.0002713675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.874075,0.1051799,0.009573933,0.00214775,0.003799133,0.005224344],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.04773391,0.01965993,0.5369447,0.0006253111,0.0004280078,0.0003668241,0.005991839,0.001113456,0.01956769,0.000123562,0.0008345444,0.3666102],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001102184,0.07037941,0.9169589,0.00006628022,0.000173329,0.0001903556,0.001303528,0.00178222,0.006758026,0.0001119424,0.001106947,0.00006681522],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9992828,0.00004262377,0.0001077505,0.00002067753,0.000009373055,0.00004086567,0.00002552696,0.00001516359,0.0004551156],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9976209,0.0000826816,0.001051876,0.00002877348,0.00001980791,0.0001058772,0.00006312506,0.000007356972,0.001019538],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006115786,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03234375,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1670175700777584,"score_gpt":0.4265228796149289,"score_spread":0.2595053095371705,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}