{"id":"W2288256903","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.09.031","title":"Energy balance of biofuel production from biological conversion of crude glycerol","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Environmental Management","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":53,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biodiesel; Biofuel; Biodiesel production; Glycerol; Biogas; Energy balance; Pulp and paper industry; Energy carrier; Bioenergy; Ethanol fuel; Energy source; Chemistry; Hydrogen production; Renewable energy; Waste management; Environmental science; Hydrogen; Fossil fuel; Biochemistry; Catalysis; Engineering; Biology; Organic chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00006670589,0.0000688531,0.0001249905,0.00005839914,0.00001379303,0.000001733085,0.0001016755,0.00003128616,0.0002246253],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002300716,0.00004640246,0.00005714367,0.00004329144,0.00008458397,0.00007621418,0.00003582386,0.00003517601,0.000009550234],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006020401,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":9.623279e-7,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002132011,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.752125e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994105,0.00001300245,0.000288931,0.00008687522,0.0001335188,0.0000672079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996683,0.000009810436,0.0001553209,0.0001309275,0.000006067492,0.00002959186],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005192921,0.0001662296,0.005207966,0.00003172535,0.0001315646,0.000001426449,0.00002711077,0.0001241378,0.9617286,0.0001560328,0.002130365,0.03024293],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008907257,0.0001722104,0.1045082,0.00008732462,0.00005778367,0.000007858851,0.0002402397,0.00005314617,0.8341711,0.0008290125,0.05884625,0.0001362705],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9914099,0.0005706374,0.006815164,0.0004099795,0.0003290919,0.00007401186,0.00002788831,0.00001174495,0.0003515667],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9943552,0.004106677,0.001272762,0.0000145823,0.00008371854,0.000002673413,0.000002328528,0.000005710177,0.0001563514],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1275576,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.245949,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007827498543108468,"score_gpt":0.1710097615719497,"score_spread":0.1631822630288413,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}