{"id":"W2288684389","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2738789","title":"Identifying Collusion in English Auctions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Collusion; Common value auction; Business; Economics; Microeconomics; Industrial organization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0099455,0.0005370447,0.001256028,0.001420789,0.001168943,0.004101811,0.0009548236,0.001462862,0.003953942],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06400181,0.0006304897,0.000435944,0.001348553,0.001741531,0.005414342,0.002795965,0.001437107,0.0003773804],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008463818,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009655686,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002862753,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002093812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9950131,0.003138651,0.0003172468,0.0004659155,0.000552743,0.0005123014],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9512231,0.03897926,0.005225964,0.002097284,0.001812097,0.0006622932],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004365104,0.0008138283,0.2292237,0.0006392639,0.0005257947,0.002850736,0.01062863,0.05903639,0.003841475,0.5688991,0.004751469,0.1144246],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003924224,0.0005583322,0.03435703,0.0002486741,0.0002539359,0.000999626,0.008731879,0.3887664,0.002498549,0.5601144,0.002975013,0.0001036806],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9334472,0.0003689144,0.05620014,0.000615607,0.00002176841,0.00007249822,0.00007802121,0.00003176366,0.009163936],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957291,0.00008625414,0.002839772,0.00003781939,0.00001141218,0.00001976503,0.00004624621,0.000004359159,0.001225071],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0099455,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05259746,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0462029007514646,"score_gpt":0.3597794008149681,"score_spread":0.3135765000635035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}