{"id":"W2288684389","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2738789","title":"Identifying Collusion in English Auctions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Auction Theory and Applications","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Collusion; Common value auction; Business; Economics; Microeconomics; Industrial organization","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.006711187,0.00008584844,0.0001318068,0.0003626221,0.0004266937,0.000120795,0.00052572,0.00005877185,0.0004135455],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001521119,0.00005208207,0.0001002893,0.000862301,0.00007641697,0.0006126686,0.00006375904,0.000649257,0.0004863371],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006082765,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007214318,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000007615409,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005197453,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9974498,0.0002136946,0.0005078139,0.0002548843,0.000547169,0.001026621],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9987459,0.0004277888,0.0002231165,0.0002772032,0.0002473811,0.00007866871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002936965,0.0000603812,0.003534029,2.634531e-7,0.00001352585,0.000001305567,0.0004505255,0.00002523159,0.003763801,0.8544995,0.0008239746,0.1367981],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004089249,0.00003461267,0.002264764,0.00001250991,0.000004198752,0.0001202881,0.004631343,0.00001182831,0.0002691041,0.9690086,0.02315012,0.00008371312],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6083801,0.0004486085,0.3806957,0.004580814,0.001000809,0.0001616599,0.000004702498,0.00007132121,0.004656287],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9811125,0.0006159208,0.00009358304,0.00004353776,0.0003717785,0.0000102004,2.507035e-7,0.000008176317,0.01774399],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3806022,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6251042,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0462029007514646,"score_gpt":0.3597794008149681,"score_spread":0.3135765000635035,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}