{"id":"W2293195849","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0148336","title":"The Physical Mechanism for Retinal Discrete Dark Noise: Thermal Activation or Cellular Ultraweak Photon Emission?","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"PLoS ONE","topic":"Biofield Effects and Biophysics","field":"Medicine","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Arrhenius equation; Noise (video); Retinal; Photon; Optics; Chemistry; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001072396,0.0001239692,0.0001877088,0.0000116094,0.0001618295,0.00001857166,0.00008781433,0.0000796723,0.00003796822],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001718214,0.00004984214,0.00008414322,0.000058141,0.00005333684,0.00005903534,0.00002189837,0.0001124372,0.00001401048],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002691692,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003779461,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006134246,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":4.522981e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991651,0.00002748926,0.000121521,0.0001938941,0.0002743671,0.0002176082],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991772,0.0003186617,0.00006959344,0.0002560817,0.00009441715,0.00008411358],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00105682,0.0003900521,0.00006259703,0.00009487815,0.00009321443,0.000002070185,0.00007167747,8.526316e-9,0.9930599,0.001474428,0.0001876962,0.003506654],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00105129,0.000837138,0.0003666013,0.0003752047,0.0001657764,8.150158e-7,0.00002999824,0.000371918,0.9944742,0.002026718,0.0001972335,0.0001030946],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9896416,0.000006892674,0.001508529,0.007325212,0.00004562864,0.0007045466,0.00001236991,0.00004902841,0.0007061842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945611,0.00002383138,0.000517522,0.0002761712,0.0007756154,0.00007507996,0.00001114468,0.0000217636,0.003737783],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007049041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2032503,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02527650619498978,"score_gpt":0.2500876878433044,"score_spread":0.2248111816483146,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}