{"id":"W2293398842","doi":"10.1016/j.agee.2015.05.013","title":"Ecosystem-based adaptation for smallholder farmers: Definitions, opportunities and constraints","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment","topic":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","field":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences","cited_by":236,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Okanagan University College; University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus; University of British Columbia","funders":"Natural Environment Research Council; Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement; Bundesministerium für Umwelt, Naturschutz, Bau und Reaktorsicherheit; Economic and Social Research Council; Department for International Development","keywords":"Adaptation (eye); Ecosystem; Environmental resource management; Ecosystem services; Ecology; Agroforestry; Business; Environmental science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004817249,0.0002581063,0.0002533138,0.00001763211,0.0003139773,0.0001642398,0.0001342293,0.0001628868,0.0002039098],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004125019,0.0000949192,0.00008404781,0.000128682,0.00005891839,0.0003383283,0.00003457366,0.0001004528,0.00004402713],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000899782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001546369,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001389267,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006330675,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984959,0.0001337297,0.0004209262,0.0003874382,0.000273044,0.0002889173],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990053,0.0002824484,0.0003138664,0.00006756285,0.000118592,0.00021222],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004498635,0.002372268,0.009072354,0.0006621642,0.000860462,0.00008054703,0.003356297,0.002627799,0.5443138,0.08010158,0.2021194,0.1539834],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0008972296,0.0006728905,0.005135032,0.0001059601,0.0001223108,0.00009432931,0.02770249,0.001159681,0.002538353,0.0003550707,0.9605041,0.0007125459],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9889256,0.0007534567,0.0005632927,0.005563543,0.0002719865,0.001330674,0.0007416643,0.0001081633,0.001741565],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960807,0.0001747599,0.0009830479,0.0003016934,0.0003393019,0.0003988707,0.00140201,0.000002293465,0.000317343],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7583846,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3870693,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1515185304760368,"score_gpt":0.2268706024374557,"score_spread":0.07535207196141896,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}