{"id":"W2293635439","doi":"10.1017/s0956792515000261","title":"Patterned vegetation, tipping points, and the rate of climate change","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"European Journal of Applied Mathematics","topic":"Ecosystem dynamics and resilience","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":39,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Dalhousie University","funders":"","keywords":"Tipping point (physics); Climate change; Environmental science; Desertification; Vegetation (pathology); Climate system; Regime shift; Resource (disambiguation); Ecology; Precipitation; Alternative stable state; Ecosystem; Physical geography; Environmental resource management; Geography; Computer science; Meteorology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002881398,0.00007323598,0.0001731903,0.00002144973,0.00004087597,0.00002303624,0.000205332,0.000008924605,0.00001206902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00003926688,0.00004188009,0.00003203288,0.00006976796,0.0001361351,0.00006918587,0.0001275362,0.00007870567,0.00005023388],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001590247,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003571651,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001271801,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001978445,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991651,0.00007705437,0.0004193502,0.00006413543,0.0001737122,0.0001006773],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991333,0.00007581856,0.0005770232,0.0001234917,0.00002156118,0.00006882665],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001743895,0.001636763,0.01543367,0.004054931,0.0005464185,0.000523677,0.4075901,0.01379593,0.02759407,0.3824095,0.002157465,0.1425135],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.05509254,0.002687377,0.1475131,0.006736253,0.001363492,0.002566014,0.0518949,0.3903618,0.008755558,0.3196693,0.01001038,0.003349245],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.923366,0.0001201204,0.006091105,0.0003969149,0.000104515,0.0002356073,0.000001416649,0.000006445603,0.06967786],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9902504,0.0001591366,0.009391834,0.0001326859,0.00004273768,9.437269e-7,1.673286e-7,0.00001255972,0.000009525286],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3765659,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1707821,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01814509897827357,"score_gpt":0.2091083934644637,"score_spread":0.1909632944861901,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}