{"id":"W2294261637","doi":"10.1287/orsc.2016.1048","title":"Shots Fired! Switching Between Practices in Police Work","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Organization Science","topic":"Information Systems Theories and Implementation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Surprise; Ambiguity; Scrutiny; Apprehension; Multidisciplinary approach; Field (mathematics); Vendor; Public relations; Psychology; Sociology; Business; Social psychology; Political science; Computer science; Marketing; Cognitive psychology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002461126,0.00005263564,0.00006867862,0.0001818321,0.0007722835,0.0002671928,0.0003370263,0.00003423031,0.000371175],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002358745,0.00003992151,0.000007273098,0.003468144,0.0001797922,0.003446416,0.00005122556,0.00003219269,0.0001920349],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002394718,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003602145,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001596725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004619173,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986671,0.00009632555,0.0002658216,0.0001548465,0.0005576329,0.0002582442],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9988812,0.0002011731,0.0003754539,0.0001203316,0.0003425388,0.00007936178],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002264806,0.000007564277,0.8290271,0.000003216365,0.000001531914,1.362752e-7,0.08919302,0.000002265447,0.003486537,0.05401309,0.0002564904,0.02400682],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000694369,0.00003010757,0.8496878,0.0001389249,0.000008296368,0.00000144501,0.06332985,0.000009149659,0.009637142,0.001999478,0.0740391,0.0004243641],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9665067,0.000002832309,0.01278277,0.003611657,0.0003089422,0.0002041707,0.000002512586,0.00006985053,0.01651056],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989781,0.00001209251,0.000261129,0.0001439427,0.0001725314,0.00000257351,0.000001711365,0.0000048546,0.0004230957],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07378262,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5939859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05508786581264485,"score_gpt":0.3921306248132049,"score_spread":0.33704275900056,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}