{"id":"W2296692232","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.115","title":"Are emissions of black carbon from gasoline vehicles overestimated? Real-time, in situ measurement of black carbon emission factors","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Science of The Total Environment","topic":"Vehicle emissions and performance","field":"Engineering","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","keywords":"Gasoline; Carbon black; Environmental science; Carbon fibers; Atmosphere (unit); Atmospheric sciences; Sampling (signal processing); Environmental chemistry; Environmental engineering; Meteorology; Chemistry; Materials science; Waste management; Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004103594,0.000507172,0.0004603061,0.0002824611,0.0003216257,0.0008106827,0.0005247439,0.0009867568,0.0005690986],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009986759,0.0003915624,0.000296535,0.0005071952,0.0002950811,0.001085556,0.0001754681,0.0003725894,0.0002877865],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007655433,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004313837,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01114696,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0212363,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994741,0.00007785172,0.00002085252,0.0001998409,0.0001577104,0.0000695866],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996172,0.0001138912,0.00007294178,0.00004793188,0.0001372837,0.0000106672],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001207496,0.0002382709,0.293825,0.000332562,0.0003896412,0.0002307792,0.0004594012,0.01415968,0.6477893,0.0006765582,0.001010527,0.03968075],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007465624,0.0003309686,0.3709657,0.00007222184,0.0003870945,0.0002783671,0.0009893236,0.1005673,0.519174,0.001278118,0.005773066,0.0001090652],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9901687,0.0002271959,0.006882577,0.0001473415,0.00006734002,0.000009203934,0.00057917,0.0001118301,0.001806778],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9974409,0.0001288407,0.001824435,0.00004993083,0.00001194064,0.000008441061,0.0002291449,0.00002022101,0.0002860976],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01114696,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02216417,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01612978787119393,"score_gpt":0.2079391765744339,"score_spread":0.19180938870324,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}