{"id":"W2300415708","doi":"","title":"Kuhn on discovery and the case of Penicillin","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"book-chapter","venue":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Philosophy of science; Sociology; Epistemology; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002556571,0.0006242677,0.0005853687,0.001589083,0.005535543,0.009722088,0.001385277,0.005123172,0.01388233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005466075,0.0004156968,0.0005184028,0.002004325,0.03259251,0.01491243,0.004034361,0.005293233,0.00321128],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.008324316,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.003923347,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006113001,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0057937,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996869,0.001700562,0.00009165055,0.0004207089,0.00055623,0.0003617846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9978414,0.001415739,0.0001054345,0.0003505507,0.0002043033,0.00008263846],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000279,0.000001358439,0.00001237537,0.000009592092,5.304528e-7,0.00002698471,0.0008264554,0.00003356025,0.000007911972,0.9932724,0.004173547,0.001632388],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000006622099,0.00000556069,0.00003651813,0.000115349,0.000001840385,0.000136252,0.0007761561,0.0001734608,0.00006238255,0.6903942,0.3082845,0.000007115589],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.002495412,0.01787332,0.01195858,0.02431099,0.001053661,0.00004725328,0.00006940267,0.00007487975,0.9421165],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.4480043,0.02363987,0.01409682,0.01419785,0.0017318,0.0004673016,0.0001459312,0.0003258687,0.4973902],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9944645,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.06039739,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01779653371314073,"score_gpt":0.1687425215936678,"score_spread":0.150945987880527,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}