{"id":"W2301766268","doi":"10.1007/s12650-015-0315-9","title":"Effect of drag reducing agent on bubble formation in horizontal liquid cross-flow","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Visualization","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Mixing","field":"Engineering","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Drag; Bubble; Shadowgraph; Body orifice; Mechanics; Particle image velocimetry; Turbulence; Materials science; Flow (mathematics); Optics; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007140932,0.00007513187,0.0001599285,0.0002212655,0.00001418766,0.00002526466,0.0000553631,0.00005190071,0.000003370617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001222397,0.00006699163,0.00004626813,0.0001613961,0.000006675097,0.0003531081,0.000008397892,0.00008396003,0.000002299554],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002021682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001654311,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000006554921,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003601612,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991894,0.00004678813,0.000416478,0.00004082986,0.0002133707,0.0000931641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99962,0.00003188174,0.0001406108,0.00005495464,0.0001034421,0.00004906999],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002604885,0.00003469361,0.0002989571,0.0001488712,0.00001327699,0.000009650962,0.001211896,0.9283336,0.06558157,0.0002366111,0.0002127935,0.003657639],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001107082,0.002050624,0.0002331637,0.0003268342,0.00001159827,0.00002943707,0.00003224467,0.8309866,0.1650016,0.00002648328,0.0001158701,0.00007845836],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9567513,0.0001825459,0.04207798,0.000004367412,0.0005369433,0.00007272652,0.000001008719,0.00001327138,0.0003598704],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995901,0.00005854258,0.000217397,0.000004205621,0.00009735457,0.00000111722,0.000008199347,0.00001555014,0.000007534986],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.09942001,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2731839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0108733112509898,"score_gpt":0.2952744987995858,"score_spread":0.2844011875485961,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}