{"id":"W2301965512","doi":"10.1016/j.compedu.2016.03.008","title":"The effect of pen and paper or tablet computer on early writing – A pilot study","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Computers & Education","topic":"Writing and Handwriting Education","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"McGill University","keywords":"Computer science; Test (biology); Scope (computer science); Multimedia; Mathematics education; Psychology; Programming language","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00222652,0.0008970466,0.0009687224,0.000564176,0.0006980028,0.0005125477,0.0008609102,0.00110235,0.005649474],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01108547,0.0005264967,0.000574142,0.0003667198,0.0007280397,0.0009300138,0.0006961159,0.001360462,0.0005790794],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002194351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001026953,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001321066,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001835602,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984451,0.0007499965,0.0001861756,0.0002044675,0.0002379722,0.0001763501],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9836524,0.01236449,0.0005698865,0.0006738076,0.0008438755,0.001895577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"nonrandomized_trial","study_design_gemma":"nonrandomized_trial","study_design_scores_codex":[0.3226328,0.3255892,0.02230449,0.003018131,0.0003044543,0.004063853,0.01376178,0.0007021049,0.1043519,0.0003177218,0.0009196899,0.2020338],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0170243,0.8774205,0.08351947,0.00009122057,0.0003506667,0.0004838693,0.002462508,0.0005346779,0.01635479,0.0002196368,0.001474725,0.00006360054],"study_design_candidate":"nonrandomized_trial","study_design_consensus":"nonrandomized_trial","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985222,0.0001065893,0.0001652465,0.00002768734,0.00002757543,0.0003779735,0.00005412157,0.00001034362,0.0007082702],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938236,0.0003436533,0.001967499,0.00008566967,0.00006712167,0.0007996814,0.00009289055,0.00001245988,0.002807316],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005649474,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01889938,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02116923787578592,"score_gpt":0.3226338305539662,"score_spread":0.3014645926781803,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}