{"id":"W2311308735","doi":"10.1111/oik.03204","title":"Piscivore addition causes a trophic cascade within and across ecosystem boundaries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Trophic cascade; Piscivore; Stickleback; Trophic level; Ecology; Mesopredator release hypothesis; Apex predator; Ecosystem; Biology; Forage fish; Biomass (ecology); Zooplankton; Food web; Fishery; Predation; Predator; Fish <Actinopterygii>","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001347863,0.00008724821,0.00009768671,0.0000105075,0.0005268461,0.00004530967,0.00007185852,0.00004535147,0.001371735],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004654384,0.00005638367,0.00001563706,0.00004623868,0.0004568578,0.0002210049,0.0001954128,0.00003618786,0.0004523259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006370402,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003735266,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006292725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01927617,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993631,0.00002843594,0.000102937,0.0002115646,0.00009560188,0.0001983978],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997593,0.00003817,0.0000514827,0.0001126753,0.000003183465,0.00003521756],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009755453,0.0001088618,0.6297497,0.0000985527,0.0001482704,0.00009882329,0.008226696,0.00001586949,0.004397357,0.002924637,0.3477725,0.006361187],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007579618,0.000151266,0.822781,0.00005396114,0.00002349065,0.00002700614,0.0008599564,0.00002736929,0.001395127,0.002662529,0.1709931,0.0002672313],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9936532,0.00001902361,0.00005876413,0.00180457,0.0001895889,0.0001352889,0.00006078288,0.00005036368,0.004028372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9945136,0.00003424646,0.00006018812,0.0003671082,0.00003206583,0.00004873504,0.000001697737,0.000006394363,0.00493596],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1930313,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995412,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008488696932284562,"score_gpt":0.2200445996134192,"score_spread":0.2115559026811346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}