{"id":"W2311308735","doi":"10.1111/oik.03204","title":"Piscivore addition causes a trophic cascade within and across ecosystem boundaries","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Oikos","topic":"Fish Ecology and Management Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"University of British Columbia","keywords":"Trophic cascade; Piscivore; Stickleback; Trophic level; Ecology; Mesopredator release hypothesis; Apex predator; Ecosystem; Biology; Forage fish; Biomass (ecology); Zooplankton; Food web; Fishery; Predation; Predator; Fish <Actinopterygii>","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002122317,0.0004248287,0.0004605765,0.0003548698,0.0005749972,0.0005726664,0.0003169846,0.0004685217,0.002203464],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005606146,0.0003653338,0.0005997896,0.0001679579,0.0003428112,0.000528031,0.001407626,0.0007408342,0.0002255696],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006188782,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004766738,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001722495,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003930976,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997467,0.0000257158,0.00002254132,0.00006892066,0.0000677454,0.00006834286],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992833,0.0001357189,0.0002144256,0.00007803307,0.00006047315,0.0002281278],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007380492,0.0004302136,0.03891873,0.0001739288,0.0001355346,0.0007263466,0.0001692979,0.0009596965,0.9508335,0.0001450249,0.0001551781,0.00661448],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008266813,0.003882178,0.8888676,0.00004595496,0.000255899,0.0007151435,0.0004849052,0.006363606,0.0968061,0.0007409867,0.001703996,0.00005107238],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9987785,0.00006556773,0.0002635207,0.00001862736,0.000004790526,0.00002082541,0.00003773567,0.00003488219,0.0007755982],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988758,0.00005512003,0.0005866206,0.00007445715,0.000002825982,0.00003015683,0.00007603641,0.000006799391,0.0002920422],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002203464,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007371306,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.008488696932284562,"score_gpt":0.2200445996134192,"score_spread":0.2115559026811346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}