{"id":"W2312171049","doi":"10.5539/jel.v5n2p187","title":"The Correlation between Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Astronomy Achievement, Attitudes towards Astronomy and Spatial Thinking Skills","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Education and Learning","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":9,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Mathematics education; Test (biology); Psychology; Astronomy; Spatial ability; Service (business); Physics; Cognition","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004618684,0.00006596134,0.00008763699,0.0001288405,0.002117719,0.0003563826,0.0002175929,0.00003515305,0.00007697831],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001097155,0.00004121923,0.0000225623,0.000230595,0.0004167583,0.0007633862,0.00003786347,0.0002629744,0.000004347911],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001331915,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001911753,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0007182499,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002911469,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987408,0.0003009315,0.0002407537,0.0001289199,0.0003882477,0.0002003712],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985874,0.0004650991,0.0003995269,0.00006412167,0.0003040028,0.0001798532],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002467915,0.00002036915,0.4108571,8.674402e-7,0.000004290222,1.45323e-8,0.03855283,0.000005781628,0.00005297154,0.0005896841,0.00004463707,0.549869],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001244454,0.00004635835,0.7430167,0.00004779923,0.00001084679,0.000002123936,0.03885567,0.000003380511,0.00001671817,0.0002037635,0.2176209,0.00005139136],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9602694,0.0001514075,0.02194509,0.01490166,0.0008959964,0.00009105993,1.884712e-7,0.000007872872,0.001737343],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9941219,0.00007872369,0.003181397,0.0001220053,0.0008150676,0.000002659795,3.867198e-7,0.000003507406,0.001674361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5498176,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9991814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02769843964000018,"score_gpt":0.3675890896646504,"score_spread":0.3398906500246502,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}