{"id":"W2312472471","doi":"10.22329/il.v36i1.4357","title":"Developing Critical Thinking with Debate: Evidence from Iranian Male and Female Students","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Informal Logic","topic":"Education and Critical Thinking Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Critical thinking; Test (biology); Psychology; Inductive reasoning; Significant difference; Inference; Descriptive statistics; Research design; Mathematics education; Sampling (signal processing); Computer science; Social science; Sociology; Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006828026,0.0001041498,0.0001189085,0.00003904384,0.0006632979,0.0002520779,0.0003218308,0.00007987363,0.0005619185],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0009042856,0.00006453973,0.00001684265,0.0001254405,0.0003784187,0.0007599078,0.0001146385,0.00009071895,0.0001367791],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000974051,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002945348,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002638861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003294641,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985811,0.00006873196,0.0001999365,0.0001834327,0.0006038038,0.0003630537],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989194,0.0006505176,0.00003439234,0.0001005858,0.0001264277,0.0001687022],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004662385,0.00004210959,0.5190121,0.00002896557,0.00002405225,0.00003610952,0.05190346,2.958279e-7,0.00004530931,0.4087446,0.0001114753,0.0200049],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001198506,0.0002623686,0.7767062,0.003313566,0.00005769714,0.00004367271,0.03310814,0.000006470536,0.0006860418,0.1415205,0.04190121,0.001195627],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9587218,0.0001575301,0.01200356,0.01779865,0.0003357021,0.0001745398,0.000002659787,0.0001137633,0.01069178],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9733191,0.0001589779,0.02257828,0.002925345,0.0001065263,0.00001573427,9.302958e-7,0.000005344095,0.0008897434],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2672241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6152614,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07519460514203974,"score_gpt":0.3747493998220001,"score_spread":0.2995547946799604,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}