{"id":"W2313208223","doi":"10.1111/desc.12429","title":"Second label learning in bilingual and monolingual infants","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Developmental Science","topic":"Language Development and Disorders","field":"Psychology","cited_by":100,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Object (grammar); Psychology; Word (group theory); Meaning (existential); Contrast (vision); Color term; Linguistics; Salient; Cognitive psychology; Property (philosophy); Vocabulary development; Communication; Artificial intelligence; Computer science; Teaching method","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006095939,0.0001220608,0.0001099809,0.0002540085,0.0001628967,0.00004245598,0.0002275733,0.00005104722,0.001574729],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001914512,0.00008596771,0.000008581611,0.0005531879,0.0003757548,0.0002737849,0.0001765497,0.00009512942,0.0002538463],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001006997,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003355328,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005118971,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0003033309,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986229,0.00002681192,0.000206786,0.0004435098,0.0002237405,0.0004762625],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996626,0.00007560092,0.00004625337,0.00007832077,0.00002564295,0.0001115433],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004146491,0.00006244428,0.5752501,0.000003970129,0.000007709037,0.00007340174,0.02628791,1.26695e-7,0.03005198,0.001235122,0.0001157878,0.36687],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002182791,0.00004738821,0.9777223,0.00004639911,0.000001449367,0.00006542995,0.007763123,0.000008421483,0.006568839,0.0004164725,0.004773696,0.0004037097],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9566748,0.0001059094,0.00002102951,0.00009990551,0.0002625849,0.0001001433,0.000001527402,0.00005249413,0.04268161],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9929271,0.000009225458,0.001632248,0.0002072763,0.00001526567,0.00001010005,0.000001186841,0.000008278089,0.005189355],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4024722,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999338,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01615032242873781,"score_gpt":0.300589708009057,"score_spread":0.2844393855803192,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}