{"id":"W2314375258","doi":"10.1021/ef1015507","title":"Empirical Modeling of Gravity Drainage in Fractured Porous Media","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":52,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; University of Waterloo","keywords":"Fracture (geology); Drainage; Dimensionless quantity; Matrix (chemical analysis); Mechanics; Petroleum engineering; Porous medium; Geology; Enhanced oil recovery; Geotechnical engineering; Materials science; Porosity; Physics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004718582,0.0004381487,0.0004268133,0.0006399503,0.000253488,0.000693273,0.0009642071,0.00126425,0.0004763006],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002827732,0.0003066389,0.0003869212,0.000501483,0.001070047,0.001025048,0.0004814218,0.0003720335,0.00008585636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008806415,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005467198,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00829214,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003606207,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997799,0.00005133523,0.00001377857,0.00004579071,0.00006749884,0.00004169928],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991033,0.000522943,0.0001950158,0.00006043995,0.00009307817,0.00002535367],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001282767,0.00002484845,0.002158494,0.00001817374,0.000006194011,0.00006391932,0.00002754628,0.9912669,0.001720854,0.003052658,0.00003285853,0.001614764],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002114324,0.000006046325,0.0003407639,0.000001705595,0.000001227143,0.00001227532,0.000005340668,0.9987715,0.0003648371,0.0004406907,0.00005143402,0.000002060355],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8430266,0.0004385131,0.1514672,0.0002241611,0.00001257742,0.00008275878,0.0002514535,0.0002021868,0.004294501],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9939328,0.0002472182,0.004973769,0.00001041376,0.000004186085,0.00004172149,0.00005614803,0.00001059433,0.0007231421],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00829214,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01648772,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02994451669445735,"score_gpt":0.2397820716839855,"score_spread":0.2098375549895282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}