{"id":"W2315277281","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.6b00114","title":"Role of Aqueous Phase Chemistry, Interfacial Film Properties, and Surface Coverage in Stabilizing Water-in-Bitumen Emulsions","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Enhanced Oil Recovery Techniques","field":"Engineering","cited_by":70,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Suncor Energy (Canada); Shell (Canada); University of Alberta; University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Virtual Materials Group; Petrobras; Shell","keywords":"Asphaltene; Emulsion; Heptane; Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Aqueous solution; Toluene; Aqueous two-phase system; Molar mass; Asphalt; Adsorption; Salt (chemistry); Phase (matter); Chromatography; Organic chemistry; Materials science; Polymer; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003775695,0.0005953015,0.0003891673,0.0003938927,0.0001547501,0.0005382774,0.0002021036,0.0002867603,0.0006073377],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008872629,0.0002188547,0.0001851082,0.0002383087,0.0002524326,0.0004582115,0.0002428757,0.0002496706,0.0001745403],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002506519,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002733889,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00113352,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001446475,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997529,0.00005961138,0.00003241082,0.00003367378,0.000082587,0.00003877913],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994843,0.0002142575,0.0001299215,0.0000156155,0.00009801541,0.00005790437],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001347102,0.00001810132,0.0009356075,0.00004766183,0.000008796984,0.00003981129,0.00001294431,0.0002094317,0.9974096,0.00001485863,0.000003081201,0.001165284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005801981,0.0001799655,0.003301818,0.000003336701,0.00001929438,0.00004124532,0.00002095396,0.001296953,0.9949916,0.00001570137,0.0001189623,0.000004224627],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9971321,0.00100263,0.001298575,0.00001959623,0.000006647308,0.00002212486,0.00005802977,0.00001469178,0.0004456605],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998332,0.0005323692,0.0008433452,0.000009236525,0.000002841724,0.00000686932,0.0000518632,0.000009623812,0.0002119791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00113352,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00225383,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00839530763457162,"score_gpt":0.2048949077585732,"score_spread":0.1964996001240016,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}