{"id":"W2315704612","doi":"10.1021/ef402359b","title":"Direct Coal Liquefaction: Low Temperature Dissolution Process","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Centre for Clean Coal/Carbon and Mineral Processing Technologies","keywords":"Coal; Dissolution; Liquefaction; Extraction (chemistry); Yield (engineering); Solvent; Coal liquefaction; Volume (thermodynamics); Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Mineralogy; Chromatography; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0000467925,0.000111306,0.0001020602,0.00003233123,0.00007638525,0.00004050931,0.00006409569,0.00008954651,0.00008125138],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001436901,0.00009690352,0.00003411506,0.0001038027,0.00001315696,0.0001539457,0.00001026704,0.00007395475,0.00001471775],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003457314,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007787364,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002451924,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005630983,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994871,0.00001890258,0.0001086527,0.0001275745,0.0001034341,0.0001543192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999758,0.00001112068,0.00001479977,0.0001294547,0.00003675354,0.00004987053],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009851882,0.0001176576,0.0004626481,0.0005767037,0.0001188883,0.000005712488,0.0007469011,0.3932037,0.5098299,0.005997871,0.01323075,0.07561076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002649509,0.00007848615,0.001674778,0.00009185207,0.00001650366,0.000006579354,0.0000412373,0.03804363,0.7949879,0.0003466329,0.1640774,0.0003700267],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9552572,0.0006803187,0.007615659,0.0001115993,0.0009380173,0.00005941102,0.000003850467,0.0006771027,0.03465684],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979931,0.0001078083,0.00001406012,0.00007389393,0.0003972698,0.00001899299,0.00003007918,0.000025962,0.001338895],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3551601,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3951611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005492275447966377,"score_gpt":0.1938231476412586,"score_spread":0.1883308721932922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}