{"id":"W2315704612","doi":"10.1021/ef402359b","title":"Direct Coal Liquefaction: Low Temperature Dissolution Process","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Coal Properties and Utilization","field":"Engineering","cited_by":34,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Centre for Clean Coal/Carbon and Mineral Processing Technologies","keywords":"Coal; Dissolution; Liquefaction; Extraction (chemistry); Yield (engineering); Solvent; Coal liquefaction; Volume (thermodynamics); Chemistry; Chemical engineering; Mineralogy; Chromatography; Pulp and paper industry; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Thermodynamics; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001615339,0.0003904581,0.0005559675,0.0001801281,0.0001928552,0.0004927802,0.0005572418,0.0004881993,0.001509327],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002246005,0.0002275353,0.0004048501,0.0001636796,0.0001943949,0.0005448885,0.0004269563,0.0006213688,0.001141335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003278849,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002852551,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0005129439,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007864389,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997585,0.00001560622,0.00001403322,0.00006303521,0.0001193461,0.00002947219],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998965,0.00001924336,0.00002922496,0.00001168103,0.00002930294,0.00001404062],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002250267,0.00006298388,0.000194347,0.00009400686,0.000003791672,0.00005036002,0.00001615215,0.0007067992,0.9915536,0.0001111674,0.00004418363,0.006937524],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001639575,0.0001894647,0.0004237019,0.000002229432,0.000005334304,0.00006802698,0.000005797797,0.005721856,0.992776,0.00002609485,0.0007595275,0.000005458221],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8745095,0.0006143225,0.121104,0.00009986143,0.00003966679,0.0001771122,0.0002930713,0.0003600263,0.002802524],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9299085,0.0003798803,0.06307384,0.00005218731,0.00001359059,0.00007850322,0.0003051388,0.00004898903,0.006139307],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001509327,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005049229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005492275447966377,"score_gpt":0.1938231476412586,"score_spread":0.1883308721932922,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}