{"id":"W2315823427","doi":"10.1021/ef5027345","title":"Noncatalytic Gasification of Lignin in Supercritical Water Using a Batch Reactor for Hydrogen Production: An Experimental and Modeling Study","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy & Fuels","topic":"Subcritical and Supercritical Water Processes","field":"Engineering","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; China Scholarship Council; BioFuelNet Canada","keywords":"Biomass (ecology); Yield (engineering); Lignin; Hydrogen production; Supercritical fluid; Hydrogen; Chemistry; Batch reactor; Pulp and paper industry; Chemical engineering; Central composite design; Work (physics); Response surface methodology; Thermodynamics; Materials science; Organic chemistry; Chromatography; Catalysis; Agronomy; Composite material","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004142435,0.0004504386,0.0005843978,0.0002210972,0.000262696,0.0003468852,0.0005552563,0.0003866691,0.0003711163],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000303721,0.0002810077,0.000625962,0.0003673067,0.0002169173,0.0003973373,0.0001559215,0.0003604369,0.00009676653],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005721111,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005261129,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005811281,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006199086,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998281,0.00002406095,0.0000089836,0.00003848659,0.00008269063,0.00001769017],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9998397,0.00008193883,0.00002083847,0.00001840944,0.00003303554,0.000006045482],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004155741,0.0004716279,0.00263731,0.000481392,0.00004560345,0.0001526223,0.00007926086,0.1555465,0.8268279,0.000841888,0.0001069764,0.01239342],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002886099,0.0005136355,0.002025134,0.000003147389,0.00002273631,0.00001919577,0.00002310324,0.5626274,0.4342999,0.0001131889,0.0003062834,0.0000174225],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9857265,0.0001603134,0.01325666,0.00002271003,0.000006477167,0.0000329928,0.00008481024,0.0000436118,0.0006660642],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9937662,0.0001858605,0.005556111,0.000003915258,0.000002301609,0.00003320202,0.00004658589,0.000004957059,0.0004008847],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005811281,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0115549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07091710123508382,"score_gpt":0.2921351981572385,"score_spread":0.2212180969221547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}