{"id":"W2316001506","doi":"10.5539/jpl.v9n2p96","title":"An Investigation into the Rule of Action in the Penal System","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Politics and Law","topic":"Medical Malpractice and Liability Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Action (physics); Compensation (psychology); Punishment (psychology); Law; Relation (database); Liability; Political science; Causation; Criminal law; Criminal liability; Strict liability; Law and economics; Tort; Causality (physics); Psychology; Sociology; Social psychology; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002304913,0.00003680633,0.0001095967,0.00002673835,0.0001571051,0.000006952471,0.0001030592,0.00005717688,0.00003288614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003383671,0.0000136798,0.00002097474,0.00004040319,0.0001339861,0.000174717,0.00001102688,0.0002529466,0.000002592259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004399694,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001127124,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001330161,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002506863,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985328,0.0007212755,0.0003979618,0.00003729379,0.0002016395,0.0001090846],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9982122,0.001156831,0.0003172471,0.0001099229,0.0001286173,0.00007522754],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000340437,0.00005151936,0.02342963,0.0003159048,0.0000119385,0.000003626265,0.03525947,5.423877e-7,0.002214816,0.9370711,0.0004941886,0.001113261],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002791654,0.001305291,0.258689,0.003249976,0.0002035946,0.00009552589,0.3405161,0.0002298262,0.001693521,0.1284473,0.2625828,0.0001953387],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9610096,0.00006270858,0.00004212952,0.037588,0.0001882179,0.00008416131,0.000001407708,0.000001749301,0.001022089],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9980065,0.00005408668,0.00007703692,0.001366354,0.0004379159,0.000002203994,2.397209e-7,0.00000255517,0.00005311474],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8086238,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2010814,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07482025769930609,"score_gpt":0.43651551361603,"score_spread":0.3616952559167239,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}